The easiest and probably least expensive way to get a close-up or macro shot capability is to get one or more supplementary lenses. These are a screw-on lens that attaches like a filter, but supplementary lenses are most definitely not filters. These close-up lenses are often called diopters, or plus diopters, because their strength is rated in diopters. Another extremely common method to make any lens focus closer to an object, is to add a lens extension. An easy way to do this for a DSLR without spending a lot of money is to get and use a set of extension tubes. A set of these can be used individually between the lens and your camera’s body, or you can stack them to get even closer to the object.
