What is an Equivalent Image?

In order to obtain an equivalent image, every single property that is listed below absolutely must be the exact same as all the others. I: Angle of View (or field of view) II: Perspective III: Depth-of-Field (DoF) IV: Diffraction Broadening V: Shutter speed/exposure According to this definition, two equivalent images would look exactly the same to any observer, no matter if there was one or two different cameras used. Charles S. Johnson, Jr. says in this book that “sensors with different sizes can be used to make identical images if the appropriate ranges of focal lengths, apertures, shutter speeds, and ISO sensitivities are available. This also assumes that lenses that sufficient resolving power and that the pixel density is high enough to not degrade resolution.